Quantitative enzyme immunoassay: current status.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Since the development of the competitive binding assay based on the use of radiolabeled ligands as published in 1959 by Yalow and Berson (1), this technique has found widespread and diversified application in the biochemical field. The enthusiastic acceptance of this methodological principle appears to be related to the inherent specificity of this technique. The sensitivity of radioimmunoassay in the 10-11 to 1017 mole range allows accurate quantitative estimations of a great variety of biologically active compounds encountered in nanogram to picogram amounts in biological systems. However, compounds labeled with gamma-emitting isotopes have a relatively short shelf-life, and health hazards are involved in their preparation. Radiation damage may also affect the immunochemical reactivity of the labeled substance. Application of beta-emitting isotopes necessitates the use of expensive liquid scmtillants and may consume prolonged counting times owing to low specific activity of the labeled product. Therefore, it is not surprising that alternative analytical procedures are being developed that take full advantage of the specificity and sensitivity that result from the application of antibodies but avoid the use of radionuclides, Spin labeling (2-4) also has an intrinsic sensitivity that is within the same range as radioimmi.moassay, but requires very expensive equipment. In these assays, known amounts of antibodies to the drug to be detected are mixed with an analog of the drug that has been la-
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Clinical chemistry
دوره 22 6 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1976